This study aims to explore and analyze the morale of secondary-level teachers working in the private sector of Karachi, Pakistan. Teachers' morale plays a crucial role in their job satisfaction, professional commitment, and overall effectiveness as educators. Understanding the factors that contribute to teachers' satisfaction and annoyance is essential for improving the working conditions and quality of education in the private education sector. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews, this study investigates the levels of satisfaction and annoyance among secondary-level teachers, identifies the key factors influencing their morale, and examines the potential implications for teacher retention and educational outcomes. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers, school administrators, and educators in designing strategies to enhance teachers' job satisfaction, address sources of annoyance, and ultimately improve the overall educational environment in the private sector of Karachi.

This study examines the relationship between job satisfaction and family functioning among dual-earner commuter families in Malaysia. The aim is to explore the impact of commuting on job satisfaction and its subsequent effects on family dynamics and functioning. The study utilizes a comparative approach to analyze the experiences of dual-earner commuter families and non-commuter families, shedding light on the unique challenges faced by commuting families in Malaysia. Data was collected through surveys and interviews, and various measures of job satisfaction and family functioning were used to assess the variables of interest. The findings contribute to the understanding of the interplay between work and family life in the context of dual-earner commuter families and provide insights for policymakers and employers to support the well-being and functioning of these families.

This scientific article investigates the formation of vocational concepts in different educational forms, drawing insights from the Finnish education system as a benchmark. Finland is renowned for its successful educational model, emphasizing vocational education and training (VET) as an integral part of its comprehensive education framework. The article presents a comparative analysis of vocational concept formation in Finland's education system and explores how its practices can be adapted to enhance vocational education worldwide. The study examines the key elements contributing to Finland's successful VET system and suggests potential implications for other countries seeking to improve their vocational education programs.

This study aims to explore the reading habits and attitudes among seminar librarians at the University of Karachi. Seminar librarians play a crucial role in promoting a reading culture and facilitating access to information resources for students and faculty members. Understanding their reading habits and attitudes can provide insights into their professional development, as well as their impact on the library environment. This research investigates the frequency and types of reading materials seminar librarians engage with, their attitudes towards reading, and the factors that influence their reading habits. The findings contribute to enhancing the role of seminar librarians in promoting reading and developing strategies to cultivate a reading culture within the university community.

This comparative study examines the level of professionals' satisfaction and dissatisfaction with Library and Information Science (LIS) curricula in Pakistan. The aim of this research is to identify the factors influencing professionals' perceptions of LIS education and to provide insights into areas that require improvement. Data was collected through surveys administered to practicing librarians and information professionals across different regions of Pakistan. The study analyzes respondents' perceptions of curriculum content, teaching methods, practical training, and overall preparedness for professional roles. The findings highlight areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction, enabling curriculum developers, educators, and policymakers to enhance the quality and relevance of LIS education in Pakistan.

This article aims to stabilize the ecological safety of the natural environment and prevent potential environmental hazards through environmental competence of students of higher education institutions. Also, they were told about reducing the damages that may occur as a result of expressing their opinions. From this point of view, it was also taken into consideration to enrich the knowledge related to environmental safety, knowing the importance of connecting this process with the educational process.

In this article, equality appears as the first sign of social justice in Islamic teachings. The stable and harmonious development of society, the formation of a person as a person and becoming a useful person is the result of observing the conditions of social justice. Although the concept of "social justice" is a widely discussed topic, there is still some confusion about this concept. As a concept, social justice implies that all individuals in society have equal rights and duties in all aspects of social life. A historical-conceptual analysis of "social justice" in Islamic teachings, tracing its continuous development from ancient history, helps us to define the concept and place of social justice.