The requirement for the argumentativeness of knowledge is usually referred to as the principle of sufficient reason (justification), first formulated by the German philosopher and mathematician G. W. Leibniz. The article analyzes the specific features of logical justification in the social sciences. The views of both Western and Eastern philosophers are compared; a comparative analysis is carried out of their theories, the correlation between value and logical categories, and the methods of cognition in the exact and natural sciences as well as in the humanities and socio-economic disciplines. It is substantiated that argumentation in social cognition is influenced by factors such as ideology, political and evaluative attitudes, and national customs and traditions. The author concludes that methods of incomplete induction and traducive (analogical) inferences are used to a greater extent in social cognition; consequently, the hypothetical character of argumentation is at a higher level, and the humanistic ideal of scientificity differs from that of the natural sciences.

Argumentation, proof, refutation, logical justification

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