Nusantara, the vast archipelago of Southeast Asia, has historically been defined by its intricate relationship with the sea. This article explores the profound maritime legacy of the region, tracing its evolution from the era of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms through to the pre-colonial period. It examines how seafaring traditions, strategic trade routes, and powerful maritime empires shaped the political, economic, and cultural landscape of Nusantara. By analyzing the pivotal role of the sea as a unifier and a conduit for exchange, this study highlights the enduring significance of maritime history in understanding the identity and development of the archipelago before the advent of European colonial powers.

This article discusses the issue of organizing youth fire safety culture on a constructive-rational basis and modeling its prospects as an object of analysis that integrates modern safety philosophy, theory of social consciousness and normative communication methodology.

Radiation interacts in unique ways with matter, offering a wide variety of application information that is used by scientists, engineers, architects, and medical professionals to support their work. Over the years, these researchers have improved radiation technologies through their theoretical development, improvements in hardware, and software developments that allow for better corrections for system imperfections. Many of these advances have allowed the application of radiation science to support a wide variety of other applications. These improvements have allowed radiation applications that were once limited to use in large research laboratories to be applied in field and industrial applications.

This article explores the dynamic interplay between Eastern and Western cultural values and their influence on the cognitive and ideological development of modern youth. In an era defined by globalization, technological advancement, and cultural hybridization, the youth increasingly find themselves navigating a complex matrix of traditional and modern values.

The article is based on the fact that the women's issue is one of the most important areas of development of modern society and is considered a set of social problems that express such issues as the status of women in the family and society, protection of their legitimate interests, ensuring employment, and protection of motherhood and childhood. Therefore, the women's issue plays an important role in the social, economic and political development of the country.

Studying the history of the origin of the women's issue is of great importance for a correct understanding and solution of this issue, which is closely related to human society, social relations, nations and states, cultures and civilizations. The emergence and development of this issue is also associated with the transition of socio-historical processes from one stage to another. The issue of the treatment of women has been addressed at different times from the perspective of the social system, the interests of different classes, and the desire to solve society's problems in the socio-economic and spiritual spheres, but it has not yet found a complete solution.