Articles | Open Access | Vol. 5 No. 10 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 10 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.37547/social-fsshj-05-10-03

Views Of Social Conflicts By Western Thinkers

Sharofiddin Hasanov , Doctor of philosophy (PhD), associate professor, independent researcher, Uzbekistan

Abstract

This article examines the philosophical and historical evolution of Western thought on the phenomenon of social conflict. Beginning with the views of ancient Greek philosophers such as Heraclitus, Plato, and Aristotle, the study traces how ideas of enmity, justice, and social order shaped early concepts of human coexistence. It then explores the transformation of these views during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, when thinkers like Erasmus of Rotterdam, Thomas More, and Dante sought moral and religious foundations for peace and social harmony. The works of early modern philosophers – Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Machiavelli – are analyzed as attempts to explain social contradictions through theories of human nature, natural law, and the social contract. Further attention is given to the development of conflict theory in the modern era, including the dialectical approach of Hegel and Marx, the psychological interpretation of Freud, and the sociological models of Weber, Simmel, Dahrendorf, and Coser. The analysis reveals two dominant paradigms in Western intellectual history: the pessimistic approach, which views conflict as an inevitable and destructive part of human existence, and the optimistic approach, which interprets it as a stimulus for progress and social transformation. The study concludes that the diversity of opinions on social conflict reflects the socio-economic and cultural realities of each historical period. Recognizing conflict as a universal and functional aspect of social life, Western thinkers have gradually shifted from condemning it as a moral evil to understanding it as a driving force for social development and democratic reform.

Keywords

Social conflict, Western philosophy, cooperation, violence, justice

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Sharofiddin Hasanov. (2025). Views Of Social Conflicts By Western Thinkers. Frontline Social Sciences and History Journal, 5(10), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.37547/social-fsshj-05-10-03