Creeping expropriation becomes more and more common reason to initiate the investment dispute. Nevertheless, due to the complexity, the process of its determination is challenging. This article will try to clarify the definition of creeping expropriation, its components, and the two theories that are used to establish it. The reasoning will be based on academic research and case law.

Creeping expropriation, effects-only doctrine, police power doctrine

J. Nascimbene ed J. Sharpe Creeping expropriation JusMundi 24th May 2022 https://jusmundi.com/en/document/wiki/en-creeping-expropriation

Crystallex International Corporation v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/11/2, Award, 4 April 2016, para.667 https://jusmundi.com/en/document/other/en-crystallex-international-corporation-v-bolivarian-republic-of-venezuela-venezuelas-memorandum-in-opposition-to-crystallexs-motion-tuesday-9th-may-2017

C.H. Schreuer, The Concept of Expropriation under the ETC and other Investment Protection Treaties, 2005 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265012552_The_Concept_of_Expropriation_under_the_ETC_and_other_Investment_Protection_Treaties

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C.H. Schreuer, The Concept of Expropriation under the ETC and other Investment Protection Treaties, 2005, p.36 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265012552_The_Concept_of_Expropriation_under_the_ETC_and_other_Investment_Protection_Treaties

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Honduras - United States of America BIT (1995) Adopted on 1 July 1995 http://www.sice.oas.org/Investment/BITSbyCountry/BITs/US_Honduras_e.asp

LG&E Energy Corp., LG&E Capital Corp. and LG&E International Inc. v. Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/1, Decision on Liability, 3 October 2006, para.187 https://jusmundi.com/en/document/decision/en-lg-e-energy-corp-lg-e-capital-corp-and-lg-e-international-inc-v-argentine-republic-decision-on-liability-tuesday-3rd-october-2006

Bank Melli and Bank Saderat v. Bahrain PCA, Final Award, 9 November 2021, para.748 https://jusmundi.com/en/document/decision/en-bank-melli-iran-iran-and-bank-saderat-iran-iran-v-the-kingdom-of-bahrain-final-award-tuesday-9th-november-2021

Griffin Group v. Poland GPF GP S.à.r.l v. Poland, SCC Case No. 2014/168 Judgment of the UK High Court on the Set Aside Application [2018] EWHC 409 - 2 Mar 2018 para 115-117 https://jusmundi.com/en/document/decision/en-gpf-gp-s-a-r-l-v-poland-judgment-of-the-uk-high-court-on-the-set-aside-application-friday-2nd-march-2018

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Hydro S.r.l., Costruzioni S.r.l., Francesco Becchetti, Mauro De Renzis, Stefania Grigolon, Liliana Condomitti v. Republic of Albania, ICSID Case No. ARB/15/28, Award, 24 April 2019, para.686 https://jusmundi.com/en/document/decision/en-hydro-s-r-l-and-others-v-republic-of-albania-award-wednesday-24th-april-2019

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Naturgy Energy Group, S.A. and Naturgy Electricidad Colombia, S.L. (formerly Gas Natural SDG, S.A. and Gas Natural Fenosa Electricidad Colombia, S.L.) v. Republic of Colombia, ICSID Case No. UNCT/18/1, Award, 12 March 2021, para.526-528 https://jusmundi.com/en/document/decision/es-naturgy-energy-group-s-a-and-naturgy-electricidad-colombia-s-l-formerly-gas-natural-sdg-s-a-and-gas-natural-fenosa-electricidad-colombia-s-l-v-republic-of-colombia-laudo-friday-12th-march-2021

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Philip Morris Brand SARL, Philip Morris Products S.A. and Abal Hermanos S.A. v. Oriental Republic of Uruguay, ICSID Case No. ARB/10/7 Award, 8 July 2016, para.399 https://jusmundi.com/fr/document/decision/en-philip-morris-brand-sarl-switzerland-philip-morris-products-s-a-switzerland-and-abal-hermanos-s-a-uruguay-v-oriental-republic-of-uruguay-decision-on-jurisdiction-tuesday-2nd-july-2013

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D. Soller, R. T Boza, K. Fridman and R. Reimers Substantive Protections: Expropriation Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman 14 January 2022 https://globalarbitrationreview.com/guide/the-guide-investment-treaty-protection-and-enforcement/first-edition/article/substantive-protections-expropriation#footnote-064

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