This article is dedicated to the school that was formed in the field of Sufism, an integral part of Islam, and its distinctive features within our country. In the context of today’s scientific achievements, the Sufi schools of the Islamic world are often not mentioned as part of Transoxiana, and there exists a tradition of associating it with the Khorasan school. The Sufi school of Transoxiana is mainly known through the activities of Abdulkhaliq al-Ghijduvani, the Seven Pir lineage, and Bahauddin Naqshband. However, one of the key early figures who laid the foundation of this field is Muhammad Hakim Termizi, whose contribution is of significant importance. The unification of these figures gives the school a distinctive character, which forms the basis of this tradition. It has been determined that there was a remarkable harmony in the teachings of such great leaders as al-Ghijduvani, Naqshband, and Muhammad Hakim Termizi. This unity, however, has sharp contrasts with other schools in the Islamic world. These distinct aspects and particularities necessitate the study of the Sufi path of Transoxiana as a "school," which remains underexplored both within our country and globally.

The distinctive features of the Transoxiana Sufi school, theoretically initiated by Muhammad Hakim Termizi, were practically elevated to their peak through the activities of Abdulkhaliq al-Ghijduvani and Bahauddin Naqshband. This school, during its time, manifested reformist movements that reflected the true essence of religion across the entire Islamic world. For example, al-Ghijduvani was the first to introduce the practice of secret dhikr (remembrance), while Bahauddin Naqshband solidified this practice and embodied its socialization through factors like conversation and the necessity of work, making it a foundation for personal spiritual growth. Both figures returned the idea that all Muslims should strive for knowledge and science as a fundamental principle of Sufism, and they introduced the system of “rashhahs” for the ascetics, thereby laying a high ideological foundation for disciplined and purposeful action. Most importantly, all the principles they introduced were recognized as a separate school in Transoxiana during the 10th-11th centuries and were built upon the theory of the “Hakimiyya” school, founded by Muhammad Hakim Termizi. Specifically, the principles of rashhahs, work, the unity of science, and many other aspects were the hallmarks of this school. 

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